The causes of bacterial bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns in children attending a secondary care hospital in Bhaktapur, Nepal, 2017–2022: a retrospective study

This study analyzed the causes of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) among children in Nepal, focusing on antimicrobial resistance patterns and β-lactamase production in Enterobacterales. The study found that Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii complex were the most common BSIs in neonates. In non-neonates, 275/285 infections were community-acquired, with 29.6% being methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli showed non-susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. The study suggests that nationwide surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship policies are needed to combat AMR.